地铁隧道贯通测量方法的改进与精度分析     

成枢  武光耀  纪萍 《测绘通报》2017,(1):115-118

为了提高地铁隧道贯通测量的精度,本文提出了地面卫星定位控制网,采用城市CORS作为起算依据,联系测量采用悬吊三根钢丝的方法和双测站法来增加检核条件,隧道导线测量中加测陀螺边等改进措施,结合某市地铁工程实例,分析研究了观测结果,保证了地铁隧道贯通测量精度的提高。  相似文献   

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王甫红龚学文  徐其超张 蔚 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(6):107-111

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自然遗产地生态脆弱性分析与评价——以托木尔区域为例          下载免费PDF全文

时卉  杨兆萍  韩芳  栾福明  石天戈 《干旱区地理》2013,36(2):318-328

以托木尔区域为研究区,从景观生态学的角度,结合生态环境特征,选取分离度、分维数倒数、破碎度、植被覆盖指数和土壤侵蚀指数作为评价指标,探讨各景观类型区域生态环境脆弱度的空间分异规律,并依据生态环境的脆弱度等级结果进行区划。结果表明：（1）依据研究区海拔、坡度值划定地貌特征区,包括极高山、高山边缘区,南北部中山区,红层地貌区和南北部低山丘陵区;（2）建设用地的分离度最大,各景观类型的分维数倒数值差别不大,低覆盖度草地破碎度、景观类型脆弱度最大;（3）托木尔区域生态环境脆弱度指数具有强烈的空间自相关性,是自然因素和人为因素共同作用的结果;（4）区域生态环境脆弱度指数空间表现为“北低南高”的趋势,自然因素是影响生态环境高脆弱度区域（7～9级）的主导干扰因素;人类活动与自然因素共同作用于生态环境中脆弱度区域（4～6级）;影响低脆弱度区域（1～3级）生态环境脆弱度的主要因素是人类活动;（5）根据研究区内生态环境脆弱度值,结合当地自然特征、社会经济发展现状,研究区可划分为保护区、限制开发区和可开发区,并对其实施差别化的政策管理与保护措施。  相似文献   

1988 年以来北京郊区城乡一体化进程及启示     

宋志军  刘黎明 《地理科学进展》2012,31(8):1071-1079

北京城郊农业区在不同时期因产业化、城市化的不同而承担着不同的发展目标, 其城乡一体化的进程及空间格局也出现了差异。本文运用历史沿革分析和数理分析方法对城乡一体化的功能结构及空间分布进行了研究, 结果表明:自1988 年以来, 处于近郊至远郊内缘的农业区(23~57 km处)的产业化、城市化分别出现了辐射式→飞地式、等级转移式→团块+扇状式+辐射式的空间发展;不同时期生态、经济、社会功能的组合和实现情况各有侧重, 多功能评价值相应地在“W”、“M”型空间格局之间转变。总体上, 北京郊区农业区的城乡功能及其综合效益都在增强, 但相对而言经济功能的作用在降低, 生态、景观功能在上升, 社会功能存在波动但总体趋强, 城乡功能的空间布局更加复杂, 而且这种发展态势直接影响着北京“十二五”期间多层次、多中心的城乡一体化建设。  相似文献   

地震记录的时间域反褶积、仿真及在地震计方位角相对测量中的应用   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

谢剑波 《地球物理学报》2014,57(1):167-178

介绍了一种用冲击不变法从速度响应平坦地震计二阶传递函数设计得到的递归滤波方法,比用双线性变换得到的递归滤波系数少,因此使用更方便.作者用此方法作了反褶积与仿真的数值实验和实际地震记录的短周期仿真试验,仿真结果与实际仪器记录符合较好;并将此法应用于地震计方位角的相关分析法相对测量,结果与不仿真的相关分析测量相比更接近寻北仪的绝对测量结果.  相似文献   

基于浮游植物功能类群的广东省大型水库生态分区初探   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王雅文  杨扬  潘鸿  何文祥  乔永民  陶然 《湖泊科学》2014,26(1):147-153

2012年1月和7月通过对广东省境内10座供水水库进行水生态调查,采集48个站点的浮游植物样品,对其进行浮游植物功能类群的划分及聚类分析.调查区共鉴定出8门104属207种浮游植物,主要分属于30个功能类群.聚类分析将这10座水库聚合为4个类型区,第一生态类型区包括南水和新丰江水库,以适应低营养环境的功能类群为主;第二生态类型区包括飞来峡、白盆珠和新丰江水库,主要以中营养型和广谱型为优势功能类群;第三生态类型区和第四生态类型区包括高州、公平、大水桥、鹤地和汤溪水库,其中高州和公平水库主要以富营养型和广谱型为优势功能类群,其它水库则以适应富营养环境的功能类群为绝对优势类群.上述4个类型区浮游植物优势功能类群差异较大,且与水质营养状态有良好的响应关系.  相似文献   

Terrestrial laser scanning of rock slope instabilities          下载免费PDF全文

Antonio Abellán  Thierry Oppikofer  Michel Jaboyedoff  Nicholas J. Rosser  Michael Lim  Matthew J. Lato 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(1):80-97

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The influence of bedrock orientation on the landscape evolution,surface morphology and denudation (10Be) at the Niesen,Switzerland          下载免费PDF全文

Hannah Chittenden  Romain Delunel  Fritz Schlunegger  Naki Akçar  Peter Kubik 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(9):1153-1166

Landscape evolution and surface morphology in mountainous settings are a function of the relative importance between sediment transport processes acting on hillslopes and in channels, modulated by climate variables. The Niesen nappe in the Swiss Penninic Prealps presents a unique setting in which opposite facing flanks host basins underlain by identical lithologies, but contrasting litho‐tectonic architectures where lithologies either dip parallel to the topographic slope or in the opposite direction (i.e. dip slope and non‐dip slope). The north‐western facing Diemtigen flank represents such a dip slope situation and is characterized by a gentle topography, low hillslope gradients, poorly dissected channels, and it hosts large landslides. In contrast, the south‐eastern facing Frutigen side can be described as non‐dip slope flank with deeply incised bedrock channels, high mean hillslope gradients and high relief topography. Results from morphometric analysis reveal that noticeable differences in morphometric parameters can be related to the contrasts in the relative importance of the internal hillslope‐channel system between both valley flanks. While the contrasting dip‐orientations of the underlying flysch bedrock has promoted hillslope and channelized processes to contrasting extents and particularly the occurrence of large landslides on the dip slope flank, the flank averaged beryllium‐10 (¹⁰Be)‐derived denudation rates are very similar and range between 0.20 and 0.26 mm yr^?1. In addition, our denudation rates offer no direct relationship to basin's slope, area, steepness or concavity index, but reveal a positive correlation to mean basin elevation that we interpret as having been controlled by climatically driven factors such as frost‐induced processes and orographic precipitation. Our findings illustrate that while the landscape properties in this part of the northern Alpine border can mainly be related to the tectonic architecture of the underlying bedrock, the denudation rates have a strong orographic control through elevation dependent mean annual temperature and precipitation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Rock slope instability assessment using spatially distributed structural orientation data in Darjeeling Himalaya (India)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Saibal Ghosh  Andreas Günther  Emmanuel John M. Carranza  Cees J. van Westen  Victor G. Jetten 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(15):1773-1792

We discuss a geographic information system (GIS)‐based methodology for rock slope instability assessment based on geometrical relationships between topographic slopes and structural discontinuities in rocks. The methodology involves (a) regionalization of point observations of orientations (azimuth and dip) of structural discontinuities in rocks in order to generate a digital structural model (DStM), (b) testing the kinematical possibility of specific modes of rock slope failures by integrating DStMs and digital elevation model (DEM)‐derived slope and aspect data and (c) computation of stability scenarios with respect to identified rock slope failure modes. We tested the methodology in an area of 90 km² in Darjeeling Himalaya (India) and in a small portion (9 km²) within this area with higher density of field structural orientation data. The results of the study show better classification of rock slope instability in the smaller area with respect to known occurrences of deep‐seated rockslides than with respect to shallow translational rockslides, implying that structural control is more important for deep‐seated rockslides than for shallow translational rockslides. Results of scenario‐based analysis show that, in rock slopes classified to be unstable, stress‐induced rock slope instability tends to increase with increasing level of water saturation. The study demonstrates the usefulness of spatially distributed data of orientations of structural discontinuities in rocks for medium‐ to small‐scale classification of rock slope instability in mountainous terrains. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

华北太行山区地壳各向异性的接收函数证据   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

田宝峰  李娟  王卫民  赵连锋  姚振兴 《地球物理学报》2008,51(5):1459-1467

采用具有任意方向对称轴的横向各向同性介质系统,探讨了各向异性介质中接收函数表现出的横波分裂、能量偏离等特征,并系统剖析了各向异性介质对称轴方位角、倾角以及各向异性层位分布对接收函数方位变化花样的影响.太行山隆起地区是研究华北克拉通构造运动以及动力学过程的重要场所.我们以该地区JJJX台为例,介绍了利用远场接收函数研究台站下方地壳各向异性特征的方法.反演结果表明,该台站下方存在明显的来源于中、上地壳的各向异性,浅层2.4 km以内表现出强度约为10%的裂隙成因的慢轴型各向异性,裂隙面沿NNE方向展布,与该地区断层走向一致;中地壳表现出强度约为8%的晶体成因的快轴型各向异性,太行山新生代的隆起是形成晶体优势排列方向的一种可能的动力机制.  相似文献